Reflective LCD having high transmittance and method for manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a reflective liquid crystal display having high transmittance and a method for manufacturing the same. The method comprises the steps of: forming a gate bus line and a common signal line by depositing a metal layer on a lower substrate and by patterning a selected portion of the metal layer; forming a gate insulating layer on the lower substrate in which the gate bus line is formed; forming a channel layer on a selected portion of the gate insulating layer having the gate bus line; forming a source electrode overlapped with one side of the channel layer, a drain electrode overlapped with the other side of the channel layer, and a data bus line being contacted to the source electrode and crossed with the gate bus line, by depositing a metal layer on the gate insulating layer in which the channel layer is formed, and by patterning a selected portion of the metal layer; forming an intermetal insulating layer having a uniform topology on a surface of the gate insulating layer; etching selected portions of the intermetal insulating layer and the gate insulating layer so as to expose selected portions of the common signal line and the drain electrode; and forming a counter electrode contacted with the common signal line and a pixel electrode contacted with the drain electrode by depositing a transparent metal layer on the intermetal insulating layer and by patterning a selected portion of the transparent metal layer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a reflective liquid crystaldisplay(hereinafter “LCD”) and a method for manufacturing the same, moreparticularly to a reflective LCD having high transmittance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The reflective LCD generally uses natural light as a light source ratherthan additional light source. In this reflective LCD, a natural light isradiated from an upper substrate, and then the light is reflected via areflecting plate disposed at a bottom position of a lower substrate. Atthis time, the light is absorbed or transmitted according to thearrangement of liquid crystal molecules.

The general twisted nematic(TN) mode reflective LCD has the drawback ofnarrow viewing angle. Therefore, conventionally the hybrid modereflective LCD capable of displaying full color and having a fastresponse time in the low voltage condition has been suggested. However,the hybrid mode reflective LCD only uses the birefringence effect ofliquid crystal molecules, accordingly the contrast ratio is degradedsince the gray scale inversion is easily occurred depending on theviewing direction. To solve foregoing problem, a bi-axial compensatingfilm is applied to the hybrid mode reflective LCD. However, the bi-axialcompensating film is difficult to produce and it is also difficult toapply to cells.

Therefore, conventionally the reflective LCD without using any opticalcompensating film has been suggested to solve the problem of gray scaleinversion and to obtain high transmittance and wide viewing angle.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional reflective LCDhaving high transmittance.

First of all, a metal layer is deposited on a lower substrate 1 and aselected portion of the same is patterned, thereby forming a gate busline(not shown) and a common signal line(not shown). After an ITO layeris deposited on the lower substrate 1, the ITO layer is patterned to becontacted with the common signal line so that the ITO layer has a shapeof comb, thereby forming a counter electrode 2. At this time, each toothof the comb of the counter electrode 2 is separated by a selecteddistance. Afterward, a gate insulating layer 4 is deposited on the lowersubstrate 1 in which the counter electrode 2, the gate bus line and thecommon signal line are formed. A channel layer(not shown) and an ohmiclayer(not shown) are formed on a selected portion of the gate insulatinglayer 4, thereby defining an active region. A metal layer is depositedon the gate insulating layer 4 in which the channel layer and the ohmiclayer are formed, and a selected portion of the metal layer ispatterned, thereby forming a source electrode(not shown), a drainelectrode(not shown) and a data bus line (not shown). Consequently, athin film transistor (not shown) is completed. Another ITO layer isdeposited over the gate insulating layer in which the thin filmtransistor is formed, and the ITO layer is patterned so as to contactwith the drain electrode, thereby forming a pixel electrode 6. The pixelelectrode 6 also has a shape of comb and its teeth are disposed betweenthose teeth of the counter electrode 2. A first homogeneous alignmentlayer 8 is formed on the gate insulating layer in which the pixelelectrode 6 and the thin film transistor(not shown) are formed. In themeantime, a color filter 12 is attached to one face of an uppersubstrate 10 and a second homogeneous alignment layer 14 is formed on asurface of the color filter 12. The lower substrate 1 and the uppersubstrate 10 are attached by intervening a selected distancetherebetween so that the first and the second homogeneous alignmentlayers 8, 14 are opposed each other. A liquid crystal layer 15 issandwiched between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 10. Apolarizer 17 is attached to an outer face of the upper substrate 10, anda quarter wave plate 18 and a reflecting plate 19 are attached to anouter face of the lower substrate 1.

Herein, a distance l1 between the tooth of the counter electrode 2 andthat of the pixel electrode 6 is preferably narrower than a distance d1between both substrates 1, 10, i.e. the cell gap. It is preferable thata width P1 of the counter electrode 2 and a width P2 of the pixelelectrode 6 are formed such that liquid crystal molecules in upperportions of the electrodes are sufficiently driven in the presence ofelectric field.

In this reflective LCD, there is formed a fringe field Ef between thecounter electrode 2 and the pixel electrode 6 as shown in the drawingwhen voltage is applied to the counter electrode 2 and the pixelelectrode 6. Therefore, liquid crystal molecules on and between bothelectrodes 2, 6 are all driven, thereby greatly improving thetransmittance.

However, the conventional reflective LCD having high transmittance hasfollowing drawbacks.

First of all, the conventional reflective LCD having high transmittancehas the counter electrode 2 and the pixel electrode 6, both made of atransparent conductor such as the ITO layer. Therefore, the counterelectrode 2 is not formed at the same time with the gate bus line, andthe pixel electrode 6 is not formed at the same time with the data busline.

That is to say, the counter electrode 2 is formed after the gate busline is formed, and the pixel electrode 6 is formed after the data busline is formed. Accordingly, there may be added a mask pattern andmanufacturing process is complicated.

Furthermore, compared with a general reflective TN LCD, the conventionalreflective liquid crystal display having high transmittance has notopology which is formed on the lower substrate for scattering light.Therefore, an incident light is not scattered with a wide angle whenelectric field is applied. Further, excellent viewing anglecharacteristic is obtained at front side of a screen, while poor viewingangle characteristic is found at the sides of the screen.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide amethod for manufacturing a reflective LCD having high transmittance,which is capable of simplifying a manufacturing process bysimultaneously forming the counter electrode and the pixel electrode.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the LCD havinghigh transmittance that can obtain wide viewing angle.

To accomplish foregoing objects, the reflective LCD comprises:

an upper and a lower substrates opposed each other by intervening aliquid crystal layer;

a first insulating layer formed on the lower substrate;

a second insulating layer formed on the first insulating layer, whereinthe second insulating layer has a uniform topology on its surface; and

a first and a second electrodes disposed alternatively at a sidewall ofthe topology in the second insulating layer, wherein a distance betweenthe first and the second electrodes is narrower than a distance betweenthe upper and the lower substrates so that a fringe field is formedbetween the first and the second electrodes.

The present invention further comprises:

a lower substrate comprising a gate bus line and a common signal lineextended in a selected direction; a gate insulating layer formed on thelower substrate in which the gate bus line and the common signal linesare formed; a thin film transistor having a channel layer formed at aselected portion on the gate insulating layer having the gate bus line,and a source electrode overlapped with one side of the channel layer,and a drain electrode overlapped with the other side of the channellayer; an intermetal insulating layer formed on the gate insulatinglayer in which the thin film transistor is formed, and having aplurality of uniform topology on its surface; a counter electrodedisposed at one sidewall of the topology of the intermetal insulatinglayer, and contacted with the common signal line; and a pixel electrodedisposed at the other sidewall of the topology of the intermetalinsulating layer and between the counter electrode, and contacted withthe drain electrode wherein the pixel electrode forms a fringe filedtogether with the counter electrode;

an upper substrate opposed to the lower substrate and comprising a colorfilter at its surface;

a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the upper and the lowersubstrate, and comprising a plurality of liquid crystal molecules;

a first homogeneous alignment layer and a second homogeneous alignmentlayer, both formed at inner faces of the upper and the lower substratesand having rubbing axes of selected directions respectively;

a polarizing plate disposed at an outer face of the upper substrate;

a reflecting plate disposed at an outer face of the lower substrate; and

a quarter wave plate disposed between the reflecting plate and the lowersubstrate, or between the polarizing plate and the upper substrate.

According to another aspect, the present invention comprises the stepsof:

forming a gate bus line and a common signal line by depositing a metallayer on a lower substrate and by patterning a selected portion of themetal layer;

forming a gate insulating layer on the lower substrate in which the gatebus line is formed;

forming a channel layer on a selected portion of the gate insulatinglayer having the gate bus line;

forming a source electrode overlapped with one side of the channellayer, a drain electrode overlapped with the other side of the channellayer, and a data bus line being contacted to the source electrode andcrossed with the gate bus line, by depositing a metal layer on the gateinsulating layer in which the channel layer is formed, and by patterninga selected portion of the metal layer;

forming an intermetal insulating layer having a uniform topology on asurface of the gate insulating layer;

etching selected portions of the intermetal insulating layer and thegate insulating layer so as to expose selected portions of the commonsignal line and the drain electrode; and

forming a counter electrode contacted with the common signal line and apixel electrode contacted with the drain electrode by depositing atransparent metal layer on the intermetal insulating layer and bypatterning a selected portion of the transparent metal layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional reflective LCD,having high aperture ratio and high transmittance.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a lower substrate of a reflective LCDaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III′ of FIG.2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the reflective LCD of the presentinvention

FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate a path of incident light when the reflectiveLCD of the present invention is off-state.

FIGS. 6A to 6E illustrate a path of incident light when the reflectiveLCD of the present invention is on-state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the preferred embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a construction of the present reflective LCDwill be discussed.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a metal layer is deposited on a lowersubstrate 40 and then patterned, thereby forming gate bus lines 41 a, 41b and a common signal line 42. The gate bus lines 41 a, 41 b arearranged with a selected distance on the lower substrate 40 and extendedin the X direction of the drawing. A gate insulating layer 44 is formedon the lower substrate 40 in which the gate bus lines 41 a, 41 b. Achannel layer 45 is formed on the gate insulating layer 44 including thegate bus lines 41 a, 41 b. Next, a metal layer is deposited on the gateinsulating layer 44, and a selected portion of the metal layer ispatterned, thereby forming a source electrode 48 being overlapped withone side of the channel layer 45, a drain electrode 49 being overlappedwith the other side of the channel layer 45 and data lines 47 a, 47 bbeing electrically connected to the source electrode 48. The data buslines 47 a, 47 b are extended in the Y direction which is crossed withthe gate bus liens 41 a, 41 b.

An intermetal insulating layer 80 is deposited over the gate insulatinglayer 44. A selected portion of the intermetal insulating layer 80 ispartially etched by the photolithography process so that a topologyhaving uniform height may be formed with a selected distance on asurface of the intermetal insulating layer 80. Next, the intermetalinsulating layer 80 and the gate insulating layer 44, or the intermetalinsulating layer 80 is etched so as to expose a selected portion of thecommon signal line 42 and the drain electrode 49. An ITO layer isdeposited on the intermetal insulating layer 80 so as to contact withthe exposed common signal line 42 and the drain electrode 49. A selectedportion of the ITO layer is patterned, thereby simultaneously formingthe counter electrode 43 and the pixel electrode 46. Herein, the counterelectrode 43 includes a body 43 a being contacted to the common signalline 42, and a plurality of teeth 43 b being extended from the body 43 ain the reverse-Y direction. The respective teeth 43 b have a selectedwidth P11 and separated by a selected distance L11. In the meantime, thepixel electrode 46 includes a body 46 a parallel with the gate bus lines41 a, 41 b and contacted with the drain electrode 49 of the thin filmtransistor, and a plurality of teeth 46 b extended from a body 46 a inthe Y direction of FIG. 2 and arranged between the respective teeth 43 bof the counter electrode 43. At this time, the teeth 46 of the pixelelectrode 46 also have a selected width P12 and separated by a selecteddistance L12. Herein, the counter electrode 43 and the pixel electrode46 should be separated from each other. In addition, the teeth 43 b ofthe counter electrode 43 are disposed at one side of the topology of theintermetal insulating layer 100, and the teeth 46 b of the pixelelectrode 46 are disposed at the other side of the topology of theintermetal insulating layer 80. Accordingly, the teeth 43 b of thecounter electrode 43 and the teeth 46 b of the pixel electrode 46 aredisposed in an alternative manner at a sidewall of the topology of theintermetal insulating layer 80. At this time, the size of this topologyis formed by taking into consideration the widths P11, P12 and thedistances L11, L12 of the teeth 43 b, 46 b. The widths of the teeth 43b, 46 b are selected such that liquid crystal molecules in the upperportion of the teeth 43 b, 46 b are all driven by a fringe field formedbetween the teeth 43 b, 46 b. Since the counter and the pixel electrodesare formed on the same plane and manufactured by the same process, thenumber of manufacturing process is reduced. A first homogeneousalignment layer 53 is formed at a surface of the intermetal insulatinglayer 80 in which the counter electrode 43 and the pixel electrode 46are formed.

In the meantime, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the reflective LCD havinghigh transmittance according to the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an upper substrate 60 is attached over thelower substrate 40 as constructed above by intervening a selecteddistance d11. Herein, the distance d11 between both substrates is widerthan the distance between the teeth 43 b, 46 b of the counter electrode43 and the pixel electrode 46 so as to forming the fringe field. A blackmatrix(not shown) and a color filter 62 are formed at an inner face ofthe upper substrate 60. A liquid crystal layer 65 comprising a pluralityof liquid crystal molecules is sandwiched between both substrates 40,60. At this time, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules are nematicmolecules and they may have the twist characteristic. The index of phaseretardation of the liquid crystal molecules can be shown as the productof a refractive anisotropy Δn and the cell gap dll, e.g. approximately0.2˜0.6 μm preferably. Also, the first and the second homogeneousalignment layers 53, 63 have faces aligning the liquid crystalmolecules(not shown) in a selected direction. Furthermore, the liquidcrystal molecules in the first and the second homogeneous alignmentlayers 53, 63 are treated to have a pretilt angle of 0°˜10. The firsthomogeneous alignment layer 63 formed at the lower substrate 40 isrubbed so as to make an angle φ with the X direction, and the secondhomogeneous alignment layer 56 formed at the upper substrate 60 isrubbed so as to make 180° with the rubbing direction of the firsthomogeneous alignment layer 53. At this time, if the angle between theX-axis direction(i.e. the direction of an electric field to be formedlater) and the rubbing axis of the first homogeneous alignment layer 53(or the second homogeneous alignment layer) is accurately 45° both typesof liquid crystal molecules of positive and negative dielectricanisotropy can be used. When said angle is over 45°, liquid crystalmolecules having positive dielectric anisotropy can be used, and whenthe angle is below 45°, liquid crystal molecules having negativedielectric anisotropy can be used. Herein, the reason for usingdifferent liquid crystal molecules having different types of dielectricanisotropy according to the angle between the rubbing axis of thehomogeneous alignment layer and the X-axis, is that a liquid crystaldisplay may have the maximum transmittance.

A polarizing plate 70 for linearly polarizing natural light into aselected direction, is formed at an outer surface of the upper substrate60. The polarizing plate 70 includes a polarizing axis P and thispolarizing axis is parallel to the rubbing axes of the first and thesecond homogeneous alignment layers 53, 63. A quarter wave plate 75 forshifting the phase of an incident light passed through the liquidcrystal layer 65 by 90°, is formed at an outer surface of the lowersubstrate 40. A reflecting plate 78 for reflecting the light passedthrough the quarter wave plate 75 to the liquid crystal layer 78, isformed at an outer surface of the quarter wave plate 45. Herein, thequarter wave plate 75 can be formed between the polarizing plate 70 andthe upper substrate 60.

Operation of the reflective LCD as constituted above will be discussedhereinafter.

First, when the gate bus lines 41 a is not selected, no signal istransmitted to the pixel electrode 46 from the data bus line 47 a, thereis formed no electric field between the teeth 43 b of the counterelectrode 43 and the teeth 46 b of the pixel electrode 46.

Then this, the natural light is linearly-polarized, for exampleleft-linearly-polarized by the polarizing plate 70. As shown in FIG. 5A,the linearly-polarized light 100 is coincided with the polarizing axis Pof the polarizing plate 70. At this time, FIG. 5A shows a polarizingstate of the light, assuming that the light 100 passed through thepolarizing plate 70 having the same component in their horizontal andvertical phases and the transmitting direction of the polarized light isthe Z-axis and the phase of the x component of the transmitted light isfaster than that of the y component. The light 100 does not change itspolarizing state while passing the liquid crystal layer 65.

The linearly-polarized light that is passed through the liquid crystallayer 65, changes its polarizing state while passing the quarter waveplate 75. That is to say, the quarter wave plate 75 occurs a phasedifference of approximately 90° i.e. a quarter of one period, forexample 360° at a normal path and an abnormal path. As a result,referring to FIG. 5B, the linearly-polarized light isright-circularly-polarized while passing the quarter wave plate 75.

The right-circularly-polarized light that is passed through the quarterwave plate 75, occurs phase difference of 180° according to thereflecting plate 78 thereby left-circularly-polarizing the lightreflected by the reflecting plate 78 as shown in FIG. 5C. At this time,by passing the reflecting plate 78, the light transmitting directionbecomes the -z-axis. Accordingly, the polarizing axis of the polarizingplate 70 can be looked as P′.

As the light passed the reflecting plate 78 is passed again the quarterwave plate 75, the right-linearly-polarized light isleft-circularly-polarized as shown in FIG. 5D.

Then, the left-linearly-polarized light 100 that is passed through thequarter wave plate 75 does not change its polarizing state while passingthe liquid crystal layer 65, and the light passed through the liquidcrystal layer 65 arrives at the polarizing plate 70. At this time, thepolarizing axis p′ of the polarizing plate 70 is perpendicular to theleft-linearly-polarized light 100(in FIG. 5D). Accordingly, the light100 does not pass the polarizing plate 70. The screen shows dark state.

On the other hand, when a scanning signal is transmitted to the gate busline 41 a and a display signal is transmitted to the data bus line 47 a,the thin film transistor 50 formed adjacent to an intersection of thegate bus line 41 a and the data bus line 47 a is turned on therebytransmitting the signals to the pixel electrode 46. At this time, acommon signal having different voltage from the display signal iscontinuously applied to the counter electrode 43, and there is formed anelectric field Ef between the counter electrode 43 and the pixelelectrode 46. Herein, the electric field Ef is substantially formedbetween the teeth 43 b of the counter electrode 43 and the teeth 46 b ofthe pixel electrode 46.

At this time, the distance l11 between the teeth 43 b of the counterelectrode 43 and the teeth 46 b of the pixel electrode 46 is a bitnarrower than that of the conventional LCD, therefore the fringe fieldEf is formed. Further, since the widths of the teeth 43 b of the counterelectrode 43 and the teeth 46 b of the pixel electrode 46 aresufficiently narrow such that the liquid crystal molecules in the upperportion of the electrodes 43, 46 are all driven by the fringe field Ef.Accordingly, the aperture ratio and the transmittance are improved. Inaddition, the electrodes 43, 46 are formed on the intermetal insulatinglayer 80, thereby scattering the incident light with a wide angle. Auniform transmittance can be obtained from not only at the front side ofthe screen but at the sides of the screen.

At this time, the light incident to the LCD device of the presentembodiment has a transmitting process as follows.

First of all, it is on the assumption that the natural light isleft-linearly-polarized in the same direction with the polarizing axisof the polarizing plate 70, when the light passes the polarizing plate70 as shown in FIG. 6A. At this time, the light transmitting directionis the Z-axis direction.

Afterward, as shown in FIG. 6B, the light passed through the polarizingplate 70 changes its polarizing state into theright-circularly-polarized state while passing the liquid crystal layer65. In other words, the liquid crystal molecules are rearrangedaccording to the electric field Ef, therefore the liquid crystal layer65 has a phase difference of 90° And then, the light 100 passed throughthe liquid crystal layer 65 is right-linearly-polarized while passingthe quarter wave plate 75 having the phase difference of 90° as shown inFIG. 6C.

The light 100 passed through the quarter wave plate 75 occurs a phaseshift by 180° while passing the reflecting layer 78. Accordingly, thelight 100 is left-linearly-polarized while passing the reflecting plate78 as shown in FIG. 6D. At this time, the light transmitting directionbecomes the -zaxis while passing the reflecting plate 78. Therefore, thedirection of polarizing plate P′ can be looked asright-linearly-polarized direction.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6E, the light 100 passed through the reflectingplate 78 is right-circularly-polarized while passing the quarter waveplate 75, and then, the right-circularly-polarized light isright-linearly-polarized while L 27 0 379957 passing the liquid crystallayer 65. As a result, the right-circularly-polarized light 100 passedthrough the liquid crystal layer 65 is coincided with the direction ofpolarizing plate P′ thereby passing the upper polarizing plate 70. Thescreen shows white state.

As described in the above specification, in this reflective LCD, theintermetal insulating layer in which the topology is formed, isdeposited on a surface of the gate insulating layer, and the counterelectrode and the pixel electrode are formed on the intermetalinsulating layer at the same time. As a result, steps of depositing andpatterning the ITO can be deleted thereby reducing the number ofmanufacturing process and also reducing manufacturing cost.

Furthermore, the teeth of the counter electrode and the pixel electrodeare disposed in an alternative manner at the sidewalls of the intermetalinsulating layer in which the topology is formed, thereby scattering thelight reflected from the reflecting plate with a wide angle. Therefore,transmittance at the sides of the screen and the viewing anglecharacteristic thereof are improved.

Various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily madeby those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spiritof the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A reflective liquid crystal display(“LCD”) havinghigh transmittance comprising: an upper and a lower substrates opposedeach other by intervening a liquid crystal layer; a first insulatinglayer formed on the lower substrate; a second insulating layer formed onthe first insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer has auniform topology on its surface; and a first and a second electrodesdisposed alternatively at a sidewall of the topology in the secondinsulating layer, wherein a distance between the first and the secondelectrodes is narrower than a distance between the upper and the lowersubstrates so that a fringe field is formed between the first and thesecond electrodes.
 2. The reflective LCD of claim 1, wherein widths ofthe first and the second electrodes are selected such that liquidcrystal molecules on the first and the second electrodes are all drivenby the electric field formed between the first and the secondelectrodes.
 3. The reflective LCD of claim 2, wherein the first and thesecond electrodes are made of ITO material.
 4. A reflective LCD havinghigh transmittance comprising: a lower substrate comprising: a gate busline and a common signal line extended in a selected direction; a gateinsulating layer formed on the lower substrate in which the gate busline and the common signal lines are formed; a thin film transistorhaving a channel layer formed at a selected portion on the gateinsulating layer having the gate bus line, and a source electrodeoverlapped with one side of the channel layer, and a drain electrodeoverlapped with the other side of the channel layer; an intermetalinsulating layer formed on the gate insulating layer in which the thinfilm transistor is formed, and having a plurality of uniform topology onits surface; a counter electrode disposed at one sidewall of thetopology of the intermetal insulating layer, and contacted with thecommon signal line; and a pixel electrode disposed at the other sidewallof the topology of the intermetal insulating layer and between thecounter electrode, and contacted with the drain electrode wherein thepixel electrode forms a fringe filed together with the counterelectrode; an upper substrate opposed to the lower substrate andcomprising a color filter at its surface; a liquid crystal layersandwiched between the upper and the lower substrate, and comprising aplurality of liquid crystal molecules; a first homogeneous alignmentlayer and a second homogeneous alignment layer, both formed at innerfaces of the upper and the lower substrates and having rubbing axes ofselected directions respectively; a polarizing plate disposed at anouter face of the upper substrate; a reflecting plate disposed at anouter face of the lower substrate; and a quarter wave plate disposedbetween the reflecting plate and the lower substrate, or between thepolarizing plate and the upper substrate.
 5. The reflective LCD of claim4, wherein widths of the counter and the pixel electrodes are selectedsuch that liquid crystal molecules on the counter and the pixelelectrodes are all driven by the electric field formed between thecounter and the pixel electrodes.
 6. The reflective LCD of claim 5,wherein the counter and the pixel electrodes are made of ITO material.7. The reflective LCD of claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal moleculeshave a pretilt angle, and the pretilt angle is in the range of 0˜10 °.8. The reflective LCD of claim 7, wherein a rubbing axis of the firsthomogeneous alignment layer makes 180° with a rubbing axis of the secondhomogeneous alignment layer.
 9. The reflective LCD of claim 8, wherein apolarizing axis of the polarizing plate is parallel to the rubbing axisof the second homogeneous alignment layer.
 10. The reflective LCD ofclaim 4, wherein when an angle between a direction of an electric fieldto be formed later and the rubbing axis of the second homogeneousalignment layer is 0˜45°, liquid crystal molecules of negativedielectric anisotropy can be used, and when said angle is 45˜90° liquidcrystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy can be used. 11.The reflective LCD of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal molecules arenematic molecules, and a product of refractive anisotropy of the liquidcrystal molecules and a first distance is 0.2˜0.6 μm.